The solution is the Book of Life with Mother Earth - www.med-etc.com

          

Encyclopaedia Judaica

Jews in Emden

Legends - local and Portuguese Jews - Prussian law - Napoleon - Hanoverian law - emancipation - Nazi times with emigration and deportation - post-war times

Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971): Emden, vol. 6, col. 721, the synagogue of Emden, W. Germany, built in 1909 and
destroyed by the Nazis [[probably in Kristalnacht, a S.A. riot]]. Emden Municipality. Photo Fokuhl, Emden

from: Emden; In: Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971), vol. 6

presented by Michael Palomino (2008)

Teilen / share:

Facebook

Twitter

The solution is the Book of Life with Mother Earth - www.med-etc.com

<EMDEN, city in W. Germany.

[Legends about Roman times]

Legend places the arrival of Jews there in antiquity as exiles after the destruction of the First Temple, and as slaves accompanying the Roman legions after the destruction of the Second Temple. However, the first authentic reference to Jews in Emden dates from the second half of the 16th century.

[[...]]

[Jewish refugees from Portugal since 1498 - discriminated Portuguese Jews - Prussian law]

Marranos from Portugal passed through Emden on their way to Amsterdam, and a few settled in Emden and returned to Judaism.

[[...]] David *Gans mentions Jews of Emden in his Zemah David [[Zemaḥ David]]. In 1590 the citizens of Emden complained to the representative of the emperor that the Jews were permitted to follow their religious precepts openly and were exempted from wearing the Jewish *badge. [[...]]

*Moses Uri ha-Levy (1594-1620), a former rabbi of Emden who settled in Amsterdam, officiated there as the first hakham (ḥakham) [[spiritual leader]] of the Portuguese community.

The city council of Emden discriminated between the local Jews and the Portuguese, encouraging the latter to settle in the city, while attempting to expel the former. Their attempts, however, were unsuccessful, since the duke intervened in their favor. The judicial rights of the Portuguese Jews were defined in a grant of privilege issued by the city council in 1649, and renewed in 1703.

In 1744, when Emden was annexed to *Prussia, the Jews there came under Prussian law. In 1762 there was an outbreak of anti-Jewish riots in Emden.

[Napoleon with equal rights - Hanoverian rule since 1815 - emancipation in 1842]

In 1808, during the rule of Louis Bonaparte [[Napoleon]], the Jews in Emden were granted equal civic rights. There were then 500 Jews living in Emden. The rights of the Emden Jews were abolished under Hanoverian rule in 1815, and they did not obtain emancipation until 1842. Noted rabbis of Emden were Jacob *Emden (1728-1733), and Samson Raphael *Hirsch (1841-1847).

[Emigration of almost 50% of the Jews 1933-1939 - deportations]

The community numbered 900 in 1905, and 1,000 in 1930. Many left with the advent of Nazi rule and the community decreased from 581 in 1933, to 298 in 1939. During World War II most of those remaining were deported, and 110 Jews from Emden were sent on Oct. 3, 1941, to *Lodz.

There were six Jews living in Emden in 1967.

Bibliography

-- Lewin, in: MGWJ, 2 (1890), 27-32
-- H. Kellenbenz: Sephardim an der unteren Elbe [[Sephardim at the lower Elbe river]] (1958), index
-- M. Markreich, in: Jahrbuch der juedischen Gemeinden Schleswig-Holsteins [[Year book of the Jewish communities of Schleswig-Holstein]], 5 (1933/34), 24-36
-- PK Germanyah
-- Germ Jud, 2 (1968), 208-9
-- A. Cassuto, in: Juedische Familien-Forschung [[Jewish Family Research]], 2 (1926), 289

[Z.AV.]> (col. 721)

Teilen / share:

Facebook

Twitter

The solution is the Book of Life with Mother Earth - www.med-etc.com

^