[since 1945: money from the "USA" because of the
"strategic value" of Turkey - emigration to Herzl
Israel]
<After the end of the war the general economic
situation and its structure changed for the better.
Primarily, the reforms introduced after the
establishment of the republic began to be felt. In
addition, the aid given by the United States, aimed to
strengthen the social structure of the population and
hence the strategic value of the country, showed its
efficacy.
[[Supplement: Stratetical value was given by the
situation of Turkey with the common border with the
Soviet Union. The "US" policy pretended that Turkey had
to be a "strong" state and gave financial aid. But:
Considering that the Soviet Union also was financed by
the "USA" one can detect that all this was a play of the
banks, "US" weapon industries, and of the secret
services]].
The Jewish population also took part in this recovery.
In 1968 the economic situation of Turkish Jewry was good
and the community contained some (col. 1458)
wealthy men. Most Jews were merchants, employees (very
few of them in government service), or artisans. There
were few underprivileged since most of the needy had
settled in [[Herzl]] Israel soon after the establishment
of the state.
[1955 and 1964: attacks against Greeks and
Jews]
Minor persecutions of Jews in Istanbul occurred,
however, through the tension between Turkey and Cyprus.
During the anti-Greek riots in 1955 and 1964 the Jews
were among the victims. The *Six-Day War (1967) also
aroused anti-Jewish feelings and led to some small-scale
incidents.
[Relations with Herzl Israel - anti Israel
movement in Turkey]
The Turkish government, which established diplomatic
relations with Israel, always attempted to quell mob
turbulence, but not with full effect. As the
government's attitude toward Muslim religious activities
became more tolerant, the rightist parties used it as a
cover for anti-Jewish propaganda. Anti-Semitism being
prohibited by law, anti-leftist and anti-Communist
slogans were employed in demagogy. By use of these
tactics a small daily, Bugun, raised its circulation from
10,000 copies to 60,000. Some Turkish newspapers
published articles in 1948 condemning emigration to
Israel and a few attacked the government for allowing
it.
[[So the movement was not against the Jews in general,
but was against Herzl Free Mason CIA Israel which had
the aim to drive away the Arabs as the natives had been
driven away in the "USA"]].
They argued that the exodus of Jews would undermine the
economy, and that communists were helping to organize
emigration. Later the amount of anti-Jewish material
published in Turkey was reduced [[anti-Herzl-Israel
material]]. Among those continuing to publish such
material was Cevat Rifat Atilhan, who wrote Le Sionisme, Danger pour
l'Islamisme [["Zionism, danger for Islamism"]]
(1951; all copies were seized by the authorities) and
"Turks, Here is Your Enemy" (Turkish, 1959). Atilhan
also wrote anti-Jewish articles in the newspaper Yeni Istiklal
[[probably anti-Herzl-Israel articles, must be
investigated]].
Between 1951 and 1961 the newspaper Büyük Doğu ("Great
East"), whose editor was Necip Fazll Kisakürek, printed
many anti-Jewish articles [[probably anti-Herzl-Israel
articles, must be investigated]].
Demography.
[Figures]
The first census of the Turkish republic, held in 1927,
showed some 81,454 Jews in a total population of over
13.5 million, of whom half were in Istanbul. By 1945,
the total Jewish population had decreased to 76,965, and
in 1955 to 40,345.
Table. Jews in Turkey
|
Year
|
number of Jews
|
remark
|
1927
|
81,454
|
official
census
|
1945
|
76,965
|
|
1955
|
40,345
|
|
1965
|
42,940
|
chief
rabbinate estimates
(According to letter Aug. 3, 1965)
|
1965-1970
|
xxxxxxxxxxx40,000xxxxxxxxxxx
|
Jewish
institutions estimates
(World Jewish Congress: Jewish Agency)
|
Table by Michael
Palomino; from: Turkey; In: Encyclopaedia
Judaica 1971, vol. 15, col. 1459
|
Table 1. Distribution of Jewish
Population in Turkey
|
|
Year 1927 official census
|
Year 1965 Chief rabbinate
estimates*
|
Year 1965-70 Jewish institutions
estimates**
|
* According to letter
Aug. 3, 1965
** World Jewish Congress: Jewish Agency
|
1.
Adana
|
159
|
60
|
70
|
2.
Ankara
|
663
|
800
|
3,200 (!)
|
3.
Antakya (Antioch
|
-
|
100
|
6
|
4.
Bursa (Brusa)
|
1,915
|
350
|
400
|
5.
Çanakkale
|
-
|
420
|
300
|
| 6.
Çoclu |
592
|
40
|
20
|
7.
Dardanelles
|
1,109
|
-
|
-
|
8.
Edirne (Adrianople)
|
6,098
|
400
|
120-400
|
9.
Gallipoli
|
736
|
200
|
200
|
10.
Gaziantep
|
742
|
160
|
-
|
11.
Iskenderun
|
-
|
60
|
60
|
12.
Istanbul
|
47,035
|
35,000
|
30,000
|
13.
Izmir (Smyrna)
|
17,094
|
5,000
|
4,800-4,000 (!)
|
14.
Kirklareli
|
978
|
90
|
67-35 [[?]]
|
15.
Mersin
|
122
|
90
|
50
|
16.
Milas
|
259
|
-
|
79
|
17.
Tekirdag (Rodosto)
|
889
|
170
|
120
|
18.
Tire
|
1,063
|
-
|
100
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
81,454
|
42,940
|
40,000
|
from: Turkey; In:
Encyclopaedia Judaica 1971, vol. 15, col. 1459
|
[Emigration to Herzl Free Mason CIA Israel -
and partly remigration]
Immediately after the establishment of the State of
Israel there was large-scale emigration of Turkish Jews.
However, in November 1948, as the result of pressure
exerted by the Arab states, emigration was forbidden
until (col. 1459)
early 1949. Later in that year Turkey recognized the
State of Israel de
jure, and Jews were again permitted to
emigrate. The government even put ships of its merchant
shipping line at the disposal of the emigrants, but
forbade Israel representatives to organize emigration
(until 1950). A total of 4,362 Turkish Jews went to
Israel 1948, and 26,295 in 1949-50. After 1950 the
number of emigrants fell, although the Turkish
government made no difficulties for those wishing to
leave, except for the prohibition of taking out
property. Between 1952 and 1955 only 2,182 Jews went to
Israel. It is presumed that about 37,000 Jews left
Turkey for Israel between 1948 and 1970; however about
10% of these, principally from Istanbul and Izmir
(peddlers, bootblacks, small wage earners, etc.),
returned to Turkey, as conditions had improved in the
country.> (col. 1460)
[[Or there could be told also another version: The
conditions in Herzl Free Mason CIA Ben Gurion dictator
Israel were so bad for Turkish Spanish Jews (Sephardim)
that many Turkish Jews preferred to have their living in
Turkey again. The immigrants were second class Jews
(Sephardim). They were put into tent desert camps for
years, and this could not be accepted by the Turkish
Spanish Sephardim]].
